[转]用WiX编写MSI安装包

WiX(Windows Installer XML)是Rob Mensching(Windows组的一个SDE)写的一个用来编写MSI安装包的工具集,已经被微软内部的很多产品组采用,例如Office组,以及我所在的MSN组,等等。

下面是WiX的一个简单例子(相当于高级的Hello World!的级别),在这个例子中编写了一个SimpleCopy.msi。安装SimpleCopy.msi将能够:

  • 创建C:Program FilesSimpleCopy目录并拷贝一系列文件;
  • 创建HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMPG Lab注册表键,该键下的DestPath变量存储了一个文件路径,DestPath可以在msiexec命令行中用DESTPATH来指定;
  • 创建名为SimplyCopy的Scheduled Task,该任务每小时运行一次,执行C:Program FilesSimpleCopySimpleCopy.exe,将该目录下datasource.xml拷贝到DestPath中指定的目录;
  • Uninstall时,安装时拷贝的文件、创建的注册表键和Scheduled Task都将被删除。

下面就是用WiX编写SimpleCopy.msi的步骤:

1. 从http://sourceforge.net/projects/wix下载wix的2.0.3220.0版本并解压到硬盘,将candle.exe所在的路径添加到Path环境变量中;
2. 用C#编写SimpleCopy.cs并用csc.exe在同一目录下编译成SimpleCopy.exe:

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using Microsoft.Win32;
 
namespace SimpleCopy
{
 internal class Application
    {
        [STAThread]
 private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
 string sourcexml = GetExecutableLocation() + @"datasource.xml";
 if (File.Exists(sourcexml))...{
                DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
                File.Copy(sourcexml, Application.QueryDestPath() +
 @"source_" + now.ToString("yyMMdd_HH.mm.ss") + ".xml", true);
            }
 else
            {
                StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(QueryDestPath() + @"error.log", false);
                writer.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString());
                writer.WriteLine("Cannot find source file: " + sourcexml);
                writer.Close();
            }
        }
 
 private static string QueryDestPath()
        {
            RegistryKey regkey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWAREMPG Lab");
 if (regkey != null)...{
 object obj = regkey.GetValue("DestPath");
 if (obj != null)...{
 return obj.ToString();
                }
            }
 
 if (false == Directory.Exists(GetExecutableLocation() + @"regkey_not_found"))...{
                Directory.CreateDirectory(GetExecutableLocation() + @"regkey_not_found");
            }
 return (GetExecutableLocation() + @"regkey_not_found");
        }
 
 private static string GetExecutableLocation()
        {
 return Directory.GetParent(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().Location).ToString();
        }
    }
}

3. 在SimpleCopy.cs同一目录下创建"data"子目录,在data下创建一个任意内容的source.xml;
4. 在SimpleCopy.cs同一目录下编写SimpleCopy.wxs,其Schema文件wix.xsd可以在wix下载解压后的doc目录中找到。SimpleCopy.wxs内容如下:

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<Wix xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2003/01/wi'>
 <Product Id='c859431f-086d-4840-b2d7-a84b3bce50f2' Name='SimpleCopy'
 Language='1033' Version='1.0.0.0' Manufacturer='MPG China'>
 <Package Id='2738eb03-978b-4712-8e21-7e1868c74c2f' InstallerVersion='200' Compressed='yes' />
 <Property Id='DESTPATH' Value ='C:'/>
 <Media Id='1' Cabinet='product.cab' EmbedCab='yes' />
 <Directory Id='TARGETDIR' Name='SourceDir'>
 <Directory Id='ProgramFilesFolder' Name='PFiles'>
 <Directory Id='AppDirectory' Name='SimpleCp' LongName='SimpleCopy'>
 <Component Id='ExecutableFile' DiskId='1' Guid='379ccaeb-a8c9-448e-a4b3-fa9884676492'>
 <File Id='SimpleCopy_exe' Name='SimpleCp.exe'
 LongName='SimpleCopy.exe' src='SimpleCopy.exe' />
 </Component>
 <Directory Id='DataFolder' Name='data'>
 <Component Id='SrcXml' DiskId='1' Guid='746496f1-d2b1-4334-9b6f-00f71938c459'>
 <File Id='Source_xml' Name='source.xml' src='datasource.xml' />
 <Registry Id='4e10403a-1976-447f-b38c-59839cb7c5cb' Root='HKLM' Type='string'
 Key='SOFTWAREMPG Lab' Name='DestPath' Value ='[DESTPATH]'/>
 </Component>
 </Directory>
 </Directory>
 </Directory>
 </Directory>
 <Feature Id='AllFiles' Title='Simple Copy All Files' Level='1'>
 <ComponentRef Id='ExecutableFile' />
 <ComponentRef Id='SrcXml' />
 </Feature>
 <InstallExecuteSequence>
 <Custom Action='CreateScheduleTask' After='InstallFinalize'>NOT Installed</Custom>
 <Custom Action='DeleteScheduleTask' After='InstallFinalize'>Installed</Custom>
 </InstallExecuteSequence>
 <Property Id='SCHTASKS'>SCHTASKS.exe</Property>
 <CustomAction Id='CreateScheduleTask' Property='SCHTASKS'
 ExeCommand='/Create /RU "" /SC HOURLY /TN SimplyCopy /TR "%ProgramFiles%SimpleCopySimpleCopy.exe"'/>
 <CustomAction Id='DeleteScheduleTask' Property='SCHTASKS'
 ExeCommand='/Delete /TN SimplyCopy /F'/>
 </Product>
</Wix>

5. 打开命令行,进入SimpleCopy.cs所在的目录,先后运行candle SimpleCopy.wxs以及light SimpleCopy.wixobj,然后就得到SimpleCopy.msi了;

 

6. 在命令行运行“msiexec /i SimpleCopy.msi /quiet /log log.txt DESTPATH=d:”就可以安装了。

相比较其他MSI编写工具(例如Visual Studio 2003/2005,以及InstallShield等),WiX的优点是:

  1. 便于版本控制(wxs是纯文本的);
  2. 便于自动化(编辑工具candle.exe和light.exe都是命令行的)。

 

[原文:http://ruanqizhen.wordpress.com/2005/11/21/%e7%94%a8wix%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99msi%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e5%8c%85/]